Ideas from Other Areas
Missouri
Kansas City’s 10,000 Rain Gardens program is a public/private initiative with the goal of reducing the runoff that pollutes waterways by planting rain gardens using native plants. The program protects water quality and also reduces greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increased citizens’ awareness that they could personally help improve water quality.
Illinois
Chicago has approved zoning code provisions designed to promote the expansion of community gardening and urban farming within city limits. The provisions expand the size limit on community gardens to 25,000 square feet, relax fencing and parking requirements on larger commercial urban farms in order to hold down overhead costs and allow for hydroponic and aquaponic systems and keeping honey bees. The objective is to turn available empty lots into viable, productive green spaces. Urban farming of fruits, vegetables and fish is now permitted in Chicago.
Chicago planted a rooftop garden on city hall which, on average, is seven degrees cooler than surrounding roofs on a year-round basis and as much as 30 degrees cooler in summer. The city offered ten $5,000 grants to help residents and small businesses finance the planning installation of green roofs. By the end of 2006, there were more than 250 public and private green roofs totaling more than one million square feet under design or construction in Chicago. Other green initiatives include
- A solar thermal grants program
- A giveaway of 500,000 energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs)
- A waste-to-profit network that enables waste products from some companies to become raw materials for other industries within the network
- A newly opened household chemical and computer recycling center
- Mayor Daley’s GreenWorks Awards recognizing private green building projects.
New York
The Empire State Building in New York City was awarded LEED Gold for Existing Buildings in September 2011. The energy efficiency retrofit process included in the building’s $550,000,000 renovation incurred an incremental cost of approximately $13.2 million but will result in substantial savings. Projected energy reduction of 38% will provide annual energy savings of $4.4 million, a payback of only 3 years based on the incremental cost. And the large plus for a huge building is that the building’s carbon emissions should be reduced by 105,000 metric tons over 15 years. Two other pluses are (1) that the building’s investors bought approximately 55 million kilowatt hours of carbon offsets making the building carbon neutral for 2011 and (2) that the retrofit designers made their analytical model non-proprietary and open-source and thus available for application to other existing buildings.
Sustainable South Bronx in the heart of New York City is encouraging the development of “Green Roofs” in order to offset the Urban Heat Island effect, the increased city heat caused by modification of the land surface by urban development. A green roof is a layer of soil and foliage on top of a building.
New York City plans to begin a bike share program in the summer of 2012. Approximately 600 kiosks and 10,000 bicycles will be placed in Manhattan, south of 79th Street, and in parts of Brooklyn; other parts of the city may be considered. Annual membership, which is expected to cost $100, would include short duration trips up to 45 minutes. Prospective participants are invited to attend bike share demonstrations and to suggest potential kiosk locations at the bike share site.
Oregon
Portland is considered one of the leading sustainable cities in the country. In 1979 it was one of the first to adopt an energy policy emphasizing energy efficiency and renewables. Portland is also a leader in global warming and peak oil planning.
Pennsylvania
The Greensgrow Philadelphia
Project is a nationally recognized center for the research, development,
and dissemination of urban agricultural technology. Located on a former Brownfield
site in north Philadelphia, Greensgrow has become a remarkable example of
the successful transformation of blighted, vacant property into green, productive
and profitable enterprise. The Greensgrow model for success includes the use
of relatively low capitalization and operating costs, innovative and effective
growing systems and marketing strategies that are well-suited for the urban
environment.Utah
Salt Lake City started the e2Business program to recognize and support business owners that reduce resource consumption. Participants get free advertising under the e2business brand, free consultation and media credits.
Washington
Olympia's current comprehensive plan has Putting Sustainability into Action as one of the City Council's four primary goals. To help implement this goal its Sustainability Super Team has developed a decision making model, the Sustainable Action Map, to help assess the impacts of any decision on the community as a whole. The model, creates a matrix of four components of sustainability - Natural, Individual, Community and Economy, which must be in balance to proceed; each component is assessed for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats resulting in a Stoplight indicator red, yellow or green. The City is implementing Imagine Olympia, a three year review and update of the current plan.
Seattle joined several other cities such as San Francisco, Washington D.C. and Portland OR, which have voted to ban single-use plastic bags from grocery stores. Seattle’s ban also applies to department, clothing, convenience, and home improvement stores. For customers, who do not bring reusable bags, stores may provide paper bags for a mandatory fee of five cents that reimburses the retailer for them. Customers on food assistance are exempted from the bag fee. A significant factor leading to the ban was the low rate of recycling for plastic bags – 13 percent as opposed to 82 percent for paper bags.
Australia
Sydney Water, a statutory State-owned corporation, provides drinking water, recycled water, wastewater services and stormwater services to the people in the greater Sydney area. It is perhaps the best example of an integrated sustainable water system in the world.
Brazil
Curitiba, Brazil is looked upon by urban planners and environmentalists around the world as a role model for city planning. Anchored on enlightened transportation policies,the city has combined substantial growth with sustainability.
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